Geoege beat



(Ns Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. BRA-Y. Street and other Lamps.

No. 240,298. Patented April 19,1881

FICI FIG 2 WITNESSES N.P EIER5, PHOYO-LITNOGRAPHER, WASMINGION. B. c.

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

G. BRAY. Street and other Lamps.

No. 240,298. Patented April 19,188l.

I I I INVENTOR N. PETERS. FHOYO-LITHOGRAPNER. WASHXNGTON. 0 I:v

'eters, and a cover, 0, at the top. The chimney UNITED STATES PA ENT @rricn.

GEORGE BRAY, OF LEEDS, COUNTY OF YORK, ENGLAND.

STREET AND OTHER LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 240,298, dated April 19, 1881.

Application filed July 21, 1880. (No model.) Patented in England April 12, 1879, and August 19, 1879.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, GEORGE BRAY, of Leeds, in the county of York, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in Means Employed for Increasing the llluminatin g Power, Brilliancy, and Steadiness of Gas-Flames in Street and other Lamps, (for which Letters Patent have been granted to me in Great Britain and Ireland, No. 1,454, bearin g date the 12th day of April, 1879, and No. 3,347, bearing date the 19th day of August, 1879,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention has for its object improvements in means employed for increasing the illuminating power, brilliancy, and steadiness of gas-flames, and refers to the causing of a column of air (other than what is required for combustion and ventilating purposes) to flow vertically through the center of the lamp or lantern, to steady, increase the brilliancy, and give control over the lighting power of the flame or flames submitted to its influence, whether they be placed singly or in close contact with each other, and however much the aggregate volume of flame be increased.

In order that my invention may be more completely understood I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying sheets of drawings.

Figure l is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a transverse section. Figs. 3 and 4 are transverse sections of bottom ventilator. Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional plan of lower portion of lamp, showing arrangement of bed of tubes and gauze. Figs. 8 and?) are, respectively, an elevation and plan of a combination of burners. Figs. 10 and 11 represent afront and side elevation of a further combination of burners. Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional plans of bottom ventilators. v

The top ventilator is composed of two cylinders or chimneys, a and b, of different diamof the smallest diameter is open at top and bottom. The chimney-bottom terminates at the top of lamp d, and opens directly into it, and its top e terminates in such a position in the interior of the outer chimney, a, as with the aid of the top cover, 0, to completely prevent the wind getting into the interior at whatever angle it strikes the ventilator. The position of the chimney I) may be made adjustable.

Between the inner and outer chimneys, a and b, is an annular space, f, of about the same area as that of the inner chimney, b. The outer chimney, a, is completely open at the bottom, and is fixed a sufficient distance from the top of the lamp to allow of perfect freedom of downward exit of the products of combustion and air. The top of the outer chimney, a, is partially closed at h, leaving an aperture of about the same area as that of the inner chimney, b. This contracted portion maybe flat or, when preferred, conical, and is carried a sufficient distance above the top of theinner chimney, b, to allow all the products of combustion and air to escape down through the annular space f between the two chimneys, a and I), when the top of the outer chimney, a, is almost sealed by a strong wind.

At a sufficient distance above the top of the outer chimney, a, to allow all the products of combustion and air to escape upward I. place a cover, 0, about the same diameter as the outer chimney, a. This cover cand the opening h in the top of the outer chimney, 0t, and the top of the interior chimney b, are so arranged in relation to each other that at whatever angle the wind strikes the ventilator the current is prevented striking the inside of the inner chimney, b, and is thereby prevented getting into the lamp, while any current passing into the top of the outer chimney, a, is deflected down, and passes through the annular space f and out at the bottom.

The inlet-ventilator J at the bottom of the lamp is made so as to have a tendency to take in more air when the atmosphere is in motion than when at rest, so that while the escaping products of combustion and air are retarded in proportion to the strength of the wind, the air is forced in at the bottom in the same or similar proportion, and by that means the speed of the vertical column of air is kept in an efficient state. The ventilator also equally diffuses or distributes the inrush of air before it passes through the bed of tubes is and wiregauze l into the lamp proper. This ventilator J is composed of two parts, one being placed within the other. The outer one, m, is of cylindrical form, closed at the bottom it, (except to allow the service-pipe 0 to pass up the center,) and perforated at the side, as shown, the perforation being, by preference, countersunk at the outside. The depth of the cylinder is arranged so that the perforated area shall be adequate to admit air in sufficient quantity to keep up the required current within the lamp. The interior part, q, is made of perforated plates of any suitable shape set vertically or nearly so. The preferable form is a perforated cylinder, r, about the same depth as the outer one, but smaller in diameter, the perforations being countersunk, by preference, outside. Round this is set vertically a number of perforated wings or strips, 8, extending to the outer cylinder, m. I find, from experiment, in some cases it is advisable to use more perforated cylinders r than one, and to dispense with the wings or strips 8, as shown at Fig. 6. The cylinder r, round which these wings or strips 8 are set, may be of any suitable diameter.

The ventilator works as follows: When the atmosphere is still air passes into the ventilator J all around. When the atmosphere is in motion there is a pressure produced on the wind side and a tendency to vacuum on the opposite side, both of which effects vary in proportion to the power of the wind. To secure an excess of incoming air to supply the outgoing caused by the tendency to vacuum, and to keep up the air-current in the lamp and secure a pressure wherewith to overcome the resistance to the outlet at the top, I countersink, when preferred, the holes on the outside of the cylinder m, by which means I obtain anyrequired amount of freedom of inlet, while the holes in the inside of the outer cylinder being kept plain or parallel, make it more diffieult for the air to pass out than in. The same object may be achieved, though to a less extent, without countersinking the holesin the outer cylinder. The vertical plates or wings s, of which the interior part of the ventilator may be composed, intercept the air as it rushes in through the outer case or cylinder, m, and turns a portion upward at each contact with the wings or plates 8, while the remainder passes through the perforations of the first plates onto the next line of plates, when another quantity is turned upward, and when the incoming air has got to the lee side of the ventilator it has spent its force in driving itself up into the lamp, and there is no'force left whereby any material quantity can be driven out on thelee side. The air has its force and eddies reduced by a small portion only being turned up at a time in its passage horizontally through the ventilator, and by the currents being mixed up and turned in various directions by the perforations of the interior; or in some cases the inlet-ventilator may be formed as shown at Fig. 4, in which if is a cylinder at the bottom end of lamp, and is perforated, as shown, for admitting air. t is an external cylinder, perforated at F. a is a metal ring for the purpose of assisting the inner cylinder, t, and outer cylinder, t, in giving a vertical direction to the air as it passes into the annular space between them, at the same time preventing the outer currents from passing into the lamp direct. o is a cover of finely-perforated sheet metal, or, when preferred, of gauze. w is a bed of small tubes set vertically one against the other. These give a vertical direction to the incoming air, and may be of any required shape, and made through solid metal plates or other materials.

I have found in practice that the strong atmospheric currents such as street-lamps are exposed to retard the outcome of the products of combustion and air from the top ventilator, (though the air-currents cannot get into the lamp through the ventilator,) and consequently decrease the speed at which the column of air is moving upward through the lamp. produces inside the lamp the atmospheric conditions observable in an ordinary lamp in which the flames burn loosely and with a tendency to smoke. By my improved ventilators I am enabled to avoid these defects and to increase, if need be, the upward flow of air.

to shows an arrangement of double burners; but these may be arranged. singly, doubly, or in clusters to suit circumstances. All the burners are fixed either vertically or at a slight inclination from that position, and ordinary flatflame burners may be used with great advantage with the hereinbefore-mentioned improvements.

Burners maybe applied to the lamp or lantern herein shown and described either in clusters, as shown at Figs. 8 and 9, or an arrangement similar to that shown at Figs. 10 and 11, in which g y are the burners and z z projecting wings. These are placed immediately under each edge of the flame, and protect it from the direct action of the upward atmospheric currents, preventing thereby thick smoky edges of the flame. The length of the stem z in all cases may be varied as required. In some cases the projecting wings z 2 may be dispensed with.

I do not claim conical or dome shaped guards around a chimney top or flue to be ventilated. These forms always give an upward or downward direction to lateral currents of air. My concentric cylinders a and b act simply as shields in connection with the contracted top This 2. The combination, with the lantern-frame Signed by me this 28th day of May, A. D. and its glass inclosing the gas-burners, of the 1880. cylinders a b, top h, and cap 0, forming a top ventilator, and the tubes, gauze, perforated (IEO BRAY' 5 cylinders and perforated wings regulating the Witnesses:

admission of air at the bottom, substantially J. N. HARDING,

as specified. WM. FAIRBURN-HART. 

